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Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina takes oath as the country’s Prime Minister at the Bangabhaban in Dhaka, Bangladesh
A woman looks on in front of a poster of Sheikh Hasina in Dhaka, Bangladesh
People hang an effigy of ousted Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina during her address to The Foreign Correspondents’ Club of South Asia in Delhi, in Dhaka, Bangladesh,
November 10 – Bangladesh swiftly rejected this week a request for a new passport from deposed Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, 78, who plans to return home in December from self-imposed exile in India.
Here are details of Hasina’s plans.
WHY DID HASINA FLEE?
Hasina fled to India in August 2024 after a deadly student-led uprising ended a long tenure that saw her widely accused of crushing dissent and dismantling democratic checks and balances, accusations she denies.
Many opposition leaders lived abroad during that period, and the opposition often boycotted elections.
A Bangladeshi court sentenced her to death in November last year for ordering a deadly crackdown on protesters in 2024 that the UN estimates killed as many as 1,400.
A ban since her government’s fall kept Hasina’s Awami League party from competing in the last general election in February, bringing the Bangladesh Nationalist Party to power.
Tarique Rahman, the son of Hasina’s biggest political rival Khaleda Zia, is now prime minister. Rahman himself lived in self-imposed exile in London when Hasina was in power.
WHY DOES SHE NEED NEW TRAVEL DOCUMENTS?
Months after Hasina fled, an interim government that took office revoked her passport and national identity document. On November 9, her lawyers requested new ones from the Bangladesh embassy in New Delhi, the Indian capital.
Their emailed letter asked for the papers to be issued “expeditiously”, citing her Bangladeshi nationality, as well as adherence to obligations under “international human rights instruments”.
The Bangladesh government said it “doesn’t provide passport to a terrorist” and urged New Delhi to hand her over, citing an extradition treaty with India.
“Should we treat her like an ordinary commercial traveller and tell her to come and visit her in-laws’ residence?” asked Humaiun Kobir, the state minister for foreign affairs.
India’s foreign ministry did not respond to a request for comment, but in April it said it was examining Bangladesh’s extradition request, citing a desire to engage constructively with the new government and further strengthen ties.00:20Air pollution so bad in Delhi it’s as harmful as smoking a pack a day
Political analysts say the government of Bangladesh does not want Hasina’s return to turn into a political spectacle that could potentially galvanise her supporters.
WHAT COULD HAPPEN NEXT?
The Awami League has said Hasina will return home in December, with documents or without. People regularly cross the long and partly porous border illegally, though Hasina and her party have not said how she would return if denied the papers.
Aides say Hasina will soon detail her plans.
In a telephone interview with Reuters in July, she said authorities in Bangladesh might arrest her on her return or that she could be killed.
She wanted to return voluntarily and surrender, she added. “If death comes, I want it to come on my own soil, where my parents are buried and their blood was shed.”
Despite the risks, she said it was important to stand by party workers in Bangladesh facing difficulties in the absence of their leaders.
WHAT ARE THE RISKS FOR BANGLADESH?
The world’s second-biggest garment exporter has been trying to recover from the political and economic turmoil around Hasina’s ouster.
Tension is high despite elections this year that brought greater political stability while conflict in the Middle East has raised the cost of living and brought severe shortages of fuel and power supply.
The return of Hasina, still a deeply polarising figure in the mainly Muslim country of more than 175 million, could rally supporters while confronting the government with the thorny question of how to deal with a former prime minister sentenced to death.
Any large public show of support for her could spark revived tension and risks triggering unrest.
Reporting by Krishna N. Das in New Delhi; Additional reporting by Ruma Paul in Dhaka; Editing by Clarence Fernandez
